Tom Collins
The Tom Collins is a gin sour lengthened with soda: gin, fresh lemon, sugar syrup and soda water over ice in a tall glass. The simplicity is deceptive. Built with a quality London Dry, lemon squeezed to order and well-chilled soda poured carefully, it is one of the most refreshing long drinks there is. Built with bottled juice and flat soda, it is one of the most disappointing. The name comes from one of the odder stories in the canon. The Great Tom Collins Hoax of 1874 involved telling somebody that a man called Tom Collins had been disparaging them in a nearby bar, then sending them off to find a person who did not exist. It spread across American cities fast enough that the name entered everyday speech, and a long gin drink already being served as the John Collins acquired it almost by association. Old Tom gin, the sweeter style that preceded London Dry, was the format's original base and makes a rounder, gentler drink. Both are correct.
Glassware: Collins Glass
Garnish: Lemon Slice Luxardo and Maraschino Cherry
Ingredients
60ml
A gin with clear juniper character. In a build this stripped back the botanical profile defines the drink more than any other single ingredient in it.
30ml
Squeezed immediately before building. This is the element most commonly compromised in high-volume service, and in a long drink there is no concentration to hide oxidised juice behind.
15ml
One part sugar to one part warm water. The balance here runs tart rather than sweet, and the syrup should support the lemon rather than soften it.
90ml
Well chilled, added last, poured gently down the inside of the glass. Flat soda produces a flat Collins regardless of the quality of everything that preceded it.
Instructions
Squeeze the lemon juice immediately before building the drink.
Fill a Collins glass to the top with large cubed ice.
Add the gin, lemon juice and sugar syrup over the ice.
Stir briefly to combine.
Pour the chilled soda water gently down the inside of the glass.
Stir once with a single upward lift of the bar spoon.
Garnish with a lemon slice and a good cherry, and serve immediately.
Expert Tip
Thirty millilitres of lemon is more than most shaken sours take, and it is deliberate. Ninety millilitres of soda extends the drink considerably, and a standard sour ratio tastes of soda water with a faint citrus note once the top has gone in. Measure it rather than eyeballing it. Squeeze to order. In a long build there is no concentration to mask oxidised juice, so pre-squeezed lemon shows up far more obviously here than in a short shaken drink. Pour the soda gently down the inside of the glass and stir once with a single upward lift of the spoon. Every extra stir costs carbonation, and flat soda produces a flat Collins regardless of what went in before it.
Flavour Profile
Where It Comes From
The format predates its most famous name by several decades. John Collins was a waiter at Limmer's Hotel on Conduit Street in London who served a long drink of genever, lemon, sugar and soda in the early nineteenth century, and it was documented under his own name before it crossed into American bars.
The Great Tom Collins Hoax of 1874 changed that. The joke was to tell somebody that a man called Tom Collins was in a nearby bar saying unpleasant things about them, and then to watch them go looking. It spread across American cities with Gilded Age speed, and the name entered the vocabulary so thoroughly that the existing John Collins acquired it.
Some accounts credit a simultaneous shift from genever to Old Tom gin, with the Tom referring to the gin rather than the hoaxer. The record supports both without settling either.
The Collins Format
A Collins is a sour extended with soda into a long drink, and that single addition produces a categorically different result.
A daiquiri and a Tom Collins share the same underlying logic of spirit, fresh citrus and sugar. The Collins adds soda, builds over ice rather than shaking, and comes out longer, lower in perceived strength and suited to being drunk over an hour rather than ten minutes. The effervescence also changes how the aromatics behave, lifting the gin's botanicals out of the glass in a way a shaken and strained drink does not.
The format takes almost any base spirit. The gin version is canonical because a good London Dry against lemon and soda shows what it can do at its best.
Why the Lemon Measure Is Higher
Thirty millilitres against sixty of gin is a fuller citrus measure than most shaken sours use, and the reason is arithmetic rather than taste.
The soda adds ninety millilitres to the finished drink, which is more than the gin and the lemon combined. A standard sour ratio that tastes balanced in a coupe is under-acidic once that much water and carbonation has gone in, and the result reads as fizzy and vaguely lemony rather than as a sour.
The higher measure keeps the acid balance holding from the first mouthful to the last, which is what a drink built to last an hour actually needs.
Old Tom and the Historical Version
Old Tom is the sweeter, softer style that preceded London Dry's dominance, and it is the gin the format was originally built on.
Where London Dry's juniper sits against the lemon in clean, direct contrast, Old Tom's softer botanicals and residual sweetness give a rounder result in which the gin leads more gently and the syrup can come down. It is worth making once alongside the London Dry version, because the comparison shows how much of a drink's character comes from the style of the base rather than from the recipe.
Hayman's and Ransom both make reliable contemporary Old Toms. Reduce the sugar by taste rather than by a fixed amount, because residual sweetness varies considerably between producers.
How to Serve It
Built over ice in a Collins glass, soda poured carefully, stirred once, garnished with a lemon slice and a good cherry, served immediately with a straw.
It is one of the most reliably crowd-pleasing drinks there is: accessible to people who do not normally drink gin, and interesting enough to reward those who do.
The Spirit
GinA distilled spirit defined by juniper-forward botanicals, typically dry in style and aromatic in profile. Gin forms the backbone of many classic and modern cocktails.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Tom Collins?
A gin sour lengthened with soda water into a long drink: London Dry gin, fresh lemon juice, sugar syrup and soda over ice. John Collins served the format at Limmer's Hotel in London in the early nineteenth century.
Why is it called a Tom Collins?
The Great Tom Collins Hoax of 1874 sent people searching for a fictional man who had supposedly been disparaging them. The name spread so thoroughly that John Collins's existing gin drink acquired it; some accounts also credit a shift to Old Tom gin.
Why is there so much lemon juice?
Because the soda adds ninety millilitres to the finished drink, which is more than the gin and the lemon combined. A standard sour ratio tastes under-acidic once that much has gone in, and the higher measure keeps the balance holding.
What is the difference between a Tom Collins and a Gin Fizz?
A Fizz is shaken and served short in a smaller glass, often without ice; a Collins is built in the glass over ice and served long. The same ingredients, a different technique, and a considerably different drinking pace.
Master the Techniques
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Where this one sits
Recipe by Jerry Can Spirits
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